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Latinos: Will the ‘sleeping giant’ awaken for Nov. 8?

By Alejandra Armstrong, Sami Edge,  Courtney Columbus & Emily L. Mahoney, News 21 special report

Andrea Montes will turn 18 just weeks before the November election and the Beloit resident plans to vote for the first time.

She said she had always planned to exercise that right, but an incident in April made it clear just how important it is to cast her ballot.

The Beloit Memorial High School student was playing in a high school soccer game in Elkhorn when it turned ugly. Fans on the opposing team began yelling “Trump ’16” and “Build that wall.”

“The candidates this election aren’t the best,” Montes said. “But I feel like if I don’t vote, it means that I’m OK with Donald Trump leading the country. And I’m not. People of color need to be voting this election.”

The incident made national headlines and Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton brought it up during a speech at the League of United Latin American Citizens conference in Washington, D.C. It’s the kind of experience experts say might help galvanize the Latino electorate to vote on Nov. 8.

Organizations like Voto Latino and the Southwest Voter Registration and Education Project have tried to capitalize on the momentum and the groups have spent months knocking on doors, sending text messages and blasting the airwaves to register Latinos. One expert said he expects a “mad frenzy” of voter registration leading up to the election.

Still, it’s unclear whether Latinos will turn out. But if they do, they have tremendous potential to affect the outcome.

The nation’s Latino population has jumped from 4 percent in 1965 to nearly 20 percent in 2015, according to the Pew Research Center. Today, there are more than 55 million Latinos in the United States, and an expected 27.3 million who will be eligible to vote in November.

Census population projections suggest that by 2044, the United States will become a majority-minority nation, with Latinos making up almost a quarter of its population.

But when it comes to elections, history reveals a divide between Latinos who can vote and those who do vote. The National Association of Latino Elected Officials projects 13.1 million Latino voters will cast ballots this November, which is a 17 percent increase from the last presidential election — but still less than half of the eligible voters.

The ‘sleeping giant’

During the past few presidential elections, national media began to speculate on the effect of the Latino electorate, which they dubbed “the sleeping giant.” But every year, despite its growing size, it seemed that giant hadn’t awakened.

There are indicators, however, that suggest this could be the year the giant stirs:

• Latinos have registered to vote at increasing rates.

• Many Latino voters indicated they’re more interested in this election.

• They are motivated by issues such as the economy and immigration.

• Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump’s anti-immigration stance has also stirred potential voters.

“Harsh rhetoric that has been spewed by Donald Trump, right out of the gate, comparing Mexicans to rapists and murderers, could help galvanize the Latino vote to vote against him,” said Joseph Garcia. Garcia is the director of the Latino policy center for the Morrison Institute for Public Policy at Arizona State University, which researches and analyzes critical issues in that state.

At the same time, several factors may keep Latinos away this November — or at least keep the electorate from having its greatest potential impact:

• States have implemented new voting restrictions, creating barriers for both registration and voting.

• Millennials, who tend to stay away from the polls, make up nearly half the eligible Latino electorate.

• More than 60 percent of the nation’s Latinos have a high school education or less, and almost a quarter live in poverty. Voters who are young, poor and less educated don’t vote in large numbers, Garcia said.

• Conflicting indicators make predictions difficult. No one can say with confidence when Latino voter turnout will surge, but Garcia said eventually it will.

Latino economic concerns could prompt voting

Earlier this year, protesters crowded around the Wisconsin Capitol in Madison for “Dia Sin Latinos” — a day without Latinos. Organizers of the movement encouraged Latinos to skip work and join the crowd at the Capitol or stay home to prove how much the state’s economy relies on Latino workers.

Benjamin Marquez, a professor of political science at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, called the protest a success based on the size of the rally — an estimated crowd of 20,000.

Marquez described Wisconsin as a “frontier state” because of the influx of Latino residents. From 2000 to 2010, Wisconsin’s Latino population grew 74 percent, according to U.S. Census data.

Joseph Statz, an owner of the Statz Bros. dairy farm in Sun Prairie, said his 4,000-cow milking operation couldn’t exist without Latino workers. His 110 employees milk, mix feed, scrape stalls and lay fresh bedding for the cows. At least two-thirds of his workers are Latino, he said.

“They’re the ones who come and apply for the jobs,” Statz said. “It would be hard for a lot of people to exist if it wasn’t for them. We need to help them — whatever it’s going to take to get them to stay.”

Latinos make up about 16 percent of the American workforce, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. They hold more jobs in agriculture, construction and maintenance than any other group.

Yet, Hispanics earn less than other workers. Over a 12-month period, Hispanic workers earned about $10,400 less than full-time workers in other racial groups, according to a 2013 report by the U.S. Congress Joint Economic Committee.

That alone could prompt Latinos to participate this November.

Latinos have repeatedly cited economic matters as the most important issue in elections. For example, more than 71 percent of Latino voters said they want the next president to support increasing the minimum wage from $7.25 to $15, according to a February poll among 1,200 voters conducted by Noticias Univision and The Washington Post.

Experts predict tight races in states such as Florida, Nevada and Colorado this November. According to Pew numbers, Latino voters make up 15 percent or more in those three battleground states. Latino turnout could prove the strength of the voting bloc there.

Experts: Cynicism, unfamiliarity hold down vote

Alma Marquez, founder and president of a communications and public affairs firm that focuses on education-related issues and political and civic engagement, said Latinos are often portrayed as apathetic because of their low voter turnout.

But some Latino voters and experts said it’s not apathy: They do care about politics and understand the importance of civic engagement. They said other factors keep Latinos away from the polls, including cynicism, unfamiliarity with voting and language barriers.

“Many of the community members feel as though they’re not really viewed as Americans,” Marquez said. “And so there’s this logic, ‘If I’m not really viewed as American or respected as American, then why should I (vote)?’”

Other Latino voters, like Sabino Nañez, 34, said Latinos will vote “when they feel like they are first-class citizens” instead of third-class citizens.

The Milwaukee resident said when the U.S. Supreme Court blocked President Barack Obama’s expansion of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals and Deferred Action for Parental Accountability in June — which would have given parents of U.S. citizens legal presence — it discouraged the Latino community even more.

Language also can be a barrier. About 15 percent of Latinos speak limited English, according to data from the U.S. Census. Still, federal law requires communities to provide bilingual election materials and allow translators at the polls when limited-English speakers make up more than 5 percent of a community’s population.

Some legislative requirements for voter registration and photo voter identification at the polls also may limit Latino voting.

The National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials projects 875,000 Latinos may have a harder time voting this year because they live in the 20 states that approved or implemented new voting restrictions since 2012, according to a News21 analysis. Many of these policy changes have been challenged in court and even overturned, creating uncertainty over what rules will be in place in November.

Eager to vote

Montes, the 17-year-old from Wisconsin, is just one of the 3.2 million Latinos who have, or will, turn 18 in time for the 2016 election, according to Pew numbers. She is the face of the future Latino voter.

Montes is U.S.-born; only a quarter of the Latino electorate is foreign-born. Montes’s father came to America from Guanajuato, Mexico, as a teen looking for work. He later brought his wife to Beloit, where they raised Montes, her older brother and sister.

Her father became a citizen six years ago, and her mother followed suit two years later.

And Montes is eager to vote.

Pamela Ortega contributed to this report. This report is part of a project on voting rights in America — Voting Wars – Rights | Power | Privilege — produced by the Carnegie-Knight News21 program. The Wisconsin Center for Investigative Journalism distributed and contributed to this report.

On the web

Information about all of the requirements to register and vote in Wisconsin’s Nov. 8 election is available at gab.wi.gov/voters.

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